Thinking of becoming a European citizen , Belgian citizen, German citizen ,Swiss citizen? Find out all about the process with our informative guide to getting European passports.
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Many expats find benefits in acquiring European citizenship, especially if they are living and working in USA,CA,UK,AU,EU, Switzerland long-term. This guide explains everything you need to know about the citizenship process in Europe, Switzerland, with sections including:
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Introduction to european citizenship
Citizenship by birth and descent in Swiss, Belguim, UK,USA,Germany
Getting citizenship by naturalization in Europe
Citizenship by marriage in Belguim, UK,USA,Germany,Switzerland
Getting citizenship by adoption in ,Belguim, UK,USA,Germany,Switzerland
Citizenship as a refugee in Europe, Switzerland
Exceptions and special cases for citizenship in Switzerland
Citizenship test in Switzerland
Passports in Belguim, UK,USA,Germany and Switzerland
Dual nationality in Belguim, UK,USA,Germany and Switzerland
Losing or renouncing Belguim, UK,USA,Germany and Swiss citizenship
Citizenship appeals or complaints in Switzerland
Wisler Legal is a Swiss law firm providing German and English services. Based in Zurich, they provide expat-friendly advice on a range of immigration matters, including work permit applications, naturalization, and tax advice. So, whatever your immigration needs in Switzerland, Wisler Legal can offer guidance and support.
Wisler Legal
Find out more
Introduction to Swiss citizenship
Citizenship in Switzerland is open to various groups of people, including foreign residents who have lived in the country for the required length of time. However, it’s not a requirement for long-term residents and many expats prefer instead to opt for permanent residency.
A Federal Commission of Migration study in 2012 found that only around 2% of foreign residents (around 36,000) took citizenship in Switzerland, despite around 900,000 being eligible for it. This could be due to stricter criteria than in some other countries, as well as costs.
Applications are first assessed at federal level by the SEM. If you meet the federal requirements, the SEM then pass the application to the relevant local canton or commune for further assessment.
You will then have to attend a personal interview at the relevant office of your local canton or commune where you will be informed of the subsequent steps to be taken.
Procedures can vary considerably. For example, some communes require applicants to take a verbal or written naturalization test while others leave the application decision up to the communal assembly. See here for more details on cantonal and communal requirements.
Getting Swiss citizenship is reportedly more generous in western Switzerland than elsewhere. If you move to another part of Switzerland during your application, the cantonal or communal authority where you made your application remains responsible for the decision.
Rejected citizenship applicants typically have no right to appeal.
Costs of naturalization application
Citizenship application costs are:
Confederation level: CHF 100 for an individual, CHF 150 for a married couple, CHF 50 for a child
Canton level: up to CHF 2,000 per person (depending on canton)
Commune level: CHF 500–1,000 per person (depending on canton)
In addition to this, there may be administration costs (e.g., to obtain criminal record certificates) and costs to take the necessary language tests
Getting citizenship by marriage in Switzerland
You can apply for fast-track (known as simplified or facilitated) naturalization if you are married to a Swiss citizen. You need to meet the following conditions:
living in Switzerland for a total of 5 years, including the 12 months immediately prior to your application
married for at least 3 years
knowledge of a Swiss national language spoken to B1 level and written to A2 level (introduced as part of the 2018 Swiss Citizenship Act)
integration into Swiss life and familiarity with Swiss customs
compliance with Swiss rule of law
being assessed as no danger to Switzerland’s internal or external security
no period spent on social welfare benefits within the past three years, unless you give back the amount received
You cannot apply for simplified naturalization if you are a registered partner rather than a spouse of a Swiss citizen. You must be married. Those in a registered partnership must apply for citizenship through regular naturalization after 10 years.
It is not possible to apply for simplified naturalization as a spouse if your partner has passed away.
Requirements and procedures for simplified naturalization in Switzerland may vary between cantons and communes, although not as significantly as for regular naturalization as things are mainly handled at the federal level. See here for more information on variations.
How to apply for citizenship through marriage
Because decisions about fast-track citizenship through marriage are made at the federal level, you need to make this application to the SEM. You can get an application form from the SEM office or from your local cantonal naturalization authority.
Along with the application form, you will need to submit proof that you meet the language requirements. Applications normally take 12-18 months. You can move within Switzerland during the application process and even move abroad as long as your Swiss spouse is able to report to the Swiss embassy or consulate in your new place of residence.
The cost of an application for citizenship through marriage is CHF 900. You need to pay this non-refundable fee in advance. However, applicants have the right to appeal rejected applications.
Citizenship by adoption in Europe
Under law, a child legally adopted automatically gains the nationality and citizenship of its parents. Therefore, if a couple adopt a child, it will become a citizen.
If a couple living in Switzerland who are not Swiss citizens adopt a child, then the authorities treat the child’s nationality the same as if it was a biological offspring.
See here for more information on adopting in Switzerland.
Getting citizenship as a refugee in Switzerland
It is possible for both recognized refugees and temporarily admitted persons holding the F permit to apply for citizenship in Switzerland. In 2018, the Swiss authorities granted citizenship to 724 refugees and 267 temporary admitted persons.
Both groups apply under the regular naturalization route. However, any years spent as a temporary resident with an F permit only count as half-years towards the 10-year residency criteria. This means that someone living long-term in Switzerland on an F permit has to wait 20 years before being eligible for citizenship, unless they become eligible for simplified naturalization through marriage or descent.
Temporary admitted persons will need to show evidence of an F permit rather than a C permit when making an application. Other than that, requirements and procedures are the same for refugee groups as they are for others applying for citizenship through naturalization.
Exceptions and special cases for citizenship in Switzerland
Since 2017, third-generation immigrants in Switzerland can apply for simplified naturalization if they:
have at least one grandparent who was born in Switzerland or has the right of residence
have at least one parent who has a residence permit and has been in Switzerland for 10 years
were born in Switzerland and have a C residence permit
have attended at least 5 years of compulsory schooling in Switzerland
meet the other requirements regarding language, integration, and respecting public order
are aged under 40
Costs for this are CHF 500 for adults and CHF 250 for children. You need to make the application through the SEM.
Find more information on the SEM website.
Citizenship test in Switzerland
Citizenship processes vary across the Swiss cantons and communes. Not all of the localities include a citizenship test as part of the application procedure, but many do.
However, the Swiss citizenship test differs across the cantons. Costs and application procedures also vary according to where you’re taking the test.
Some regions, such as the French-speaking canton of Vaud, have published their version of the questionnaire online. You can also use the Naturalisation Switzerland website which has information and sample questions used in the different cantons.
For more information, contact your cantonal naturalization authority.
Passports in Switzerland
If you become a Swiss citizen, you will be eligible for a Swiss passport. This will allow you to travel freely in and out of Switzerland, enjoying the benefits of being a Swiss citizen while overseas.
You need to apply for a passport either in person at your communal residents’ registration office, or in person, by phone or online at your canton’s passport office (depending on which canton you live in). Contact your cantonal naturalization authority for more information.
Since 2010, all Swiss passports issued have been biometric. Current costs are around CHF 150 for an adult passport and CHF 70 for a children’s passport.
See our guide to passports in Switzerland for more information
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